More about Expo 67 and Kazakhstan
This is more from a booklet/brochure I have from Expo 67. This sounds really nice, well the “Pastoral.” does, and the “new films” and maybe because we are planning for camping yurts too sound good …
Soviet KAZAKHSTAN
Pastural. Animal husbandry combines well with intensive crop farming, and living conditions in the remote pastures are naturally world’s removed from those of the past. Little towns have been built in place of the yurta tent camps and squalid adobe huts …
Gas containers, new films and a variety of goods are delivered on orders of the herdsmen to the sandy Moyinkuma Desert [Muyunkum] in the south of Kazakhstan.
But, an article about Kazakhstan. https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/8681
From the article, the conclusion:
Turning the “backward” peoples in the USSR into rag-clad refugees who were totally dependent on state “aid” was a way of incorporating these societies. Collectivization and famine accomplished this, too, not merely the subjugation of peasants.
From the notes section:
108 In Kazakstan the reaction to collectivization was particularly violent and it was the herdsmen who were principally involved. In early 1930, there were hotbeds of revolt, both among Europeans and among Kazaks, in all areas of Kazakstan. Data are incomplete but show that in the first six months of the year more than 80,000 people took part in uprisings (Å. B. Abylhožin, K. S. Aldažumanov, M. K. Kozybaev, Kollektivizacija v Kazahstane : tragedija krest´janstva (Alma-Ata : 1992): 20-26). In Kazakstan, for the year 1930 the OGPU recorded 266 “mass revolts” and 332 “acts of terrorism,” such as the killing of Communists, members of the Komsomol or plenipotentiaries for collectivization (“Secret report by the political section of the OGPU on the form and dynamics of class warfare in the countryside in 1930,” dated March 15, 1931, cited in V. Danilov, ed., op. cit., 2: 801, 804).
Citation Famine in the steppe The collectivization of agriculture and the Kazak herdsmen 1928-1934 by Niccolò Pianciola p. 137-192 https://doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.8681
A good review of a book about the famines in Kazakhstan in the 1920s and 30s, the review just published in 2020.
Citation: Aaron Hale-Dorrell.
Review of Cameron, Sarah, The Hungry Steppe: Famine, Violence, and the
Making of Soviet Kazakhstan. H-Environment, H-Net Reviews.
December, 2020.
URL: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55459
